netcat-win86

netcat.c (67756B)

---

 // for license see license.txt
 
 /* Netcat 1.00 951010
 
    A damn useful little "backend" utility begun 950915 or thereabouts,
    as *Hobbit*'s first real stab at some sockets programming.  Something that
    should have and indeed may have existed ten years ago, but never became a
    standard Unix utility.  IMHO, "nc" could take its place right next to cat,
    cp, rm, mv, dd, ls, and all those other cryptic and Unix-like things.
 
    Read the README for the whole story, doc, applications, etc.
 
    Layout:
 	conditional includes:
 	includes:
 	handy defines:
 	globals:
 	malloced globals:
 	cmd-flag globals:
 	support routines:
 	main:
 
   todo:
 	more of the portability swamp, and an updated generic.h
 	frontend progs to generate various packets, raw or otherwise...
 	char-mode [cbreak, fcntl-unbuffered, etc...]
 	connect-to-all-A-records hack
   bluesky:
 	RAW mode!
 	backend progs to grab a pty and look like a real telnetd?!
 */
 
 #include "generic.h"		/* same as with L5, skey, etc */
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32") /* winsock support */
 #endif
 
 /* conditional includes -- a very messy section: */
 /* #undef _POSIX_SOURCE		/* might need this for something? */
 #define HAVE_BIND		/* XXX -- for now, see below... */
 #define HAVE_HELP		/* undefine if you dont want the help text */
 /* #define ANAL			/* if you want case-sensitive DNS matching */
 #ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #else
 #include <malloc.h>		/* xxx: or does it live in sys/ ?? */
 #endif
 
 /* have to do this *before* including types.h. xxx: Linux still has it wrong */
 #ifdef FD_SETSIZE		/* should be in types.h, butcha never know. */
 #undef FD_SETSIZE		/* if we ever need more than 16 active */
 #endif				/* fd's, something is horribly wrong! */
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define FD_SETSIZE 64		/* WIN32 does this as an array not a bitfield and it likes 64 */
 #else
 #define FD_SETSIZE 16		/* <-- this'll give us a long anyways, wtf */
 #endif
 #include <sys/types.h>		/* *now* do it.  Sigh, this is broken */
 
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #undef HAVE_RANDOM
 #undef IP_OPTIONS
 #undef SO_REUSEPORT
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
 
 #ifdef HAVE_RANDOM
 #define SRAND srandom
 #define RAND random
 #else
 #define SRAND srand
 #define RAND rand
 #endif /* HAVE_RANDOM */
 
 /* xxx: these are rsh leftovers, move to new generic.h */
 /* will we even need any nonblocking shit?  Doubt it. */
 /* get FIONBIO from sys/filio.h, so what if it is a compatibility feature */
 /* #include <sys/filio.h> */
 /*
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/file.h>
 */
 
 /* includes: */
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #include "getopt.h"
 #define sleep			_sleep
 #define strcasecmp		strcmpi
 #define EADDRINUSE		WSAEADDRINUSE
 #define ETIMEDOUT		WSAETIMEDOUT
 #define ECONNREFUSED	WSAECONNREFUSED
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #include <sys/time.h>		/* timeval, time_t */
 #else
 #include <time.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <setjmp.h>		/* jmp_buf et al */
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #include <sys/socket.h>		/* basics, SO_ and AF_ defs, sockaddr, ... */
 #include <netinet/in.h>		/* sockaddr_in, htons, in_addr */
 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>	/* misc crud that netinet/ip.h references */
 #include <netinet/ip.h>		/* IPOPT_LSRR, header stuff */
 #include <netdb.h>		/* hostent, gethostby*, getservby* */
 #include <arpa/inet.h>		/* inet_ntoa */
 #else
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <conio.h>
 //#include <winsock2.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>		/* strcpy, strchr, yadda yadda */
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 
 /* handy stuff: */
 #define SA struct sockaddr	/* socket overgeneralization braindeath */
 #define SAI struct sockaddr_in	/* ... whoever came up with this model */
 #define IA struct in_addr	/* ... should be taken out and shot, */
 				/* ... not that TLI is any better.  sigh.. */
 #define SLEAZE_PORT 31337	/* for UDP-scan RTT trick, change if ya want */
 #define USHORT unsigned short	/* use these for options an' stuff */
 #define BIGSIZ 8192		/* big buffers */
 #define SMALLSIZ 256		/* small buffers, hostnames, etc */
 
 #ifndef INADDR_NONE
 #define INADDR_NONE 0xffffffff
 #endif
 #ifdef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
 #undef MAXHOSTNAMELEN		/* might be too small on aix, so fix it */
 #endif
 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 256
 struct host_poop {
   char name[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];	/* dns name */
   char addrs[8][24];		/* ascii-format IP addresses */
   struct in_addr iaddrs[8];	/* real addresses: in_addr.s_addr: ulong */
 };
 #define HINF struct host_poop
 struct port_poop {
   char name [64];		/* name in /etc/services */
   char anum [8];		/* ascii-format number */
   USHORT num;			/* real host-order number */
 };
 #define PINF struct port_poop
 
 /* globals: */
 jmp_buf jbuf;			/* timer crud */
 int jval = 0;			/* timer crud */
 int netfd = -1;
 int ofd = 0;			/* hexdump output fd */
 static char unknown[] = "(UNKNOWN)";
 static char p_tcp[] = "tcp";	/* for getservby* */
 static char p_udp[] = "udp";
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 #ifdef HAVE_BIND
 extern int h_errno;
 #endif
 #endif
 int gatesidx = 0;		/* LSRR hop count */
 int gatesptr = 4;		/* initial LSRR pointer, settable */
 USHORT Single = 1;		/* zero if scanning */
 unsigned int insaved = 0;	/* stdin-buffer size for multi-mode */
 unsigned int wrote_out = 0;	/* total stdout bytes */
 unsigned int wrote_net = 0;	/* total net bytes */
 static char wrote_txt[] = " sent %d, rcvd %d";
 static char hexnibs[20] = "0123456789abcdef  ";
 
 /* will malloc up the following globals: */
 struct timeval * timer1 = NULL;
 struct timeval * timer2 = NULL;
 SAI * lclend = NULL;		/* sockaddr_in structs */
 SAI * remend = NULL;
 HINF ** gates = NULL;		/* LSRR hop hostpoop */
 char * optbuf = NULL;		/* LSRR or sockopts */
 char * bigbuf_in;		/* data buffers */
 char * bigbuf_net;
 fd_set * ding1;			/* for select loop */
 fd_set * ding2;
 PINF * portpoop = NULL;		/* for getportpoop / getservby* */
 unsigned char * stage = NULL;	/* hexdump line buffer */
 
 #ifdef WIN32
   char * setsockopt_c;
 int nnetfd;
 #endif
 
 /* global cmd flags: */
 USHORT o_alla = 0;
 unsigned int o_interval = 0;
 USHORT o_listen = 0;
 USHORT o_nflag = 0;
 USHORT o_wfile = 0;
 USHORT o_random = 0;
 USHORT o_udpmode = 0;
 USHORT o_verbose = 0;
 unsigned int o_wait = 0;
 USHORT o_zero = 0;
 USHORT o_crlf = 0;
 
 /* Debug macro: squirt whatever to stderr and sleep a bit so we can see it go
    by.  need to call like Debug ((stuff)) [with no ; ] so macro args match!
    Beware: writes to stdOUT... */
 #ifdef DEBUG
 #define Debug(x) printf x; printf ("\n"); fflush (stdout); sleep (1);
 #else
 #define Debug(x)	/* nil... */
 #endif
 
 /* support routines -- the bulk of this thing.  Placed in such an order that
    we don't have to forward-declare anything: */
 
 int helpme(); /* oop */
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 
 /* res_init
    winsock needs to be initialized. Might as well do it as the res_init
    call for Win32 */
 
 void res_init()
 {
 WORD wVersionRequested; 
 WSADATA wsaData; 
 int err; 
 wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1); 
  
 err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData); 
  
 if (err != 0) 
     /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */ 
     /* winsock.dll.     */ 
     return; 
  
 /* Confirm that the Windows Sockets DLL supports 1.1.*/ 
 /* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater */ 
 /* than 1.1 in addition to 1.1, it will still return */ 
 /* 1.1 in wVersion since that is the version we */ 
 /* requested. */ 
  
 if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 1 || 
         HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 1 ) { 
     /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */ 
     /* winsock.dll. */ 
     WSACleanup(); 
     return; 
     }
  
 }
 
 
 
 
 /* winsockstr
    Windows Sockets cannot report errors through perror() so we need to define
    our own error strings to print. Someday all the string should be prettied up.
    Prettied the errors I usually get */
 char * winsockstr(error)
 int error;
 {
 	switch (error)
 	{
 	case WSAEINTR          : return("INTR          ");
 	case WSAEBADF          : return("BADF          ");
 	case WSAEACCES         : return("ACCES         ");
 	case WSAEFAULT         : return("FAULT         ");
 	case WSAEINVAL         : return("INVAL         ");
 	case WSAEMFILE         : return("MFILE         ");
 	case WSAEWOULDBLOCK    : return("WOULDBLOCK    ");
 	case WSAEINPROGRESS    : return("INPROGRESS    ");
 	case WSAEALREADY       : return("ALREADY       ");
 	case WSAENOTSOCK       : return("NOTSOCK       ");
 	case WSAEDESTADDRREQ   : return("DESTADDRREQ   ");
 	case WSAEMSGSIZE       : return("MSGSIZE       ");
 	case WSAEPROTOTYPE     : return("PROTOTYPE     ");
 	case WSAENOPROTOOPT    : return("NOPROTOOPT    ");
 	case WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT: return("PROTONOSUPPORT");
 	case WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return("SOCKTNOSUPPORT");
 	case WSAEOPNOTSUPP     : return("OPNOTSUPP     ");
 	case WSAEPFNOSUPPORT   : return("PFNOSUPPORT   ");
 	case WSAEAFNOSUPPORT   : return("AFNOSUPPORT   ");
 	case WSAEADDRINUSE     : return("ADDRINUSE     ");
 	case WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL  : return("ADDRNOTAVAIL  ");
 	case WSAENETDOWN       : return("NETDOWN       ");
 	case WSAENETUNREACH    : return("NETUNREACH    ");
 	case WSAENETRESET      : return("NETRESET      ");
 	case WSAECONNABORTED   : return("CONNABORTED   ");
 	case WSAECONNRESET     : return("CONNRESET     ");
 	case WSAENOBUFS        : return("NOBUFS        ");
 	case WSAEISCONN        : return("ISCONN        ");
 	case WSAENOTCONN       : return("NOTCONN       ");
 	case WSAESHUTDOWN      : return("SHUTDOWN      ");
 	case WSAETOOMANYREFS   : return("TOOMANYREFS   ");
 	case WSAETIMEDOUT      : return("TIMEDOUT      ");
 	case WSAECONNREFUSED   : return("connection refused");
 	case WSAELOOP          : return("LOOP          ");
 	case WSAENAMETOOLONG   : return("NAMETOOLONG   ");
 	case WSAEHOSTDOWN      : return("HOSTDOWN      ");
 	case WSAEHOSTUNREACH   : return("HOSTUNREACH   ");
 	case WSAENOTEMPTY      : return("NOTEMPTY      ");
 	case WSAEPROCLIM       : return("PROCLIM       ");
 	case WSAEUSERS         : return("USERS         ");
 	case WSAEDQUOT         : return("DQUOT         ");
 	case WSAESTALE         : return("STALE         ");
 	case WSAEREMOTE        : return("REMOTE        ");
 	case WSAEDISCON        : return("DISCON        ");
 	case WSASYSNOTREADY    : return("SYSNOTREADY    ");
 	case WSAVERNOTSUPPORTED: return("VERNOTSUPPORTED");
 	case WSANOTINITIALISED : return("NOTINITIALISED ");
 	case WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND : return("HOST_NOT_FOUND ");
 	case WSATRY_AGAIN      : return("TRY_AGAIN      ");
 	case WSANO_RECOVERY    : return("NO_RECOVERY    ");
 	case WSANO_DATA        : return("NO_DATA        ");
 	default : return("unknown socket error");
 	}
 }
 #endif
 
 
 
 
 
 /* holler :
    fake varargs -- need to do this way because we wind up calling through
    more levels of indirection than vanilla varargs can handle, and not all
    machines have vfprintf/vsyslog/whatever!  6 params oughta be enough. */
 void holler (str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6)
   char * str;
   char * p1, * p2, * p3, * p4, * p5, * p6;
 {
   if (o_verbose) {
     fprintf (stderr, str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
 #ifdef WIN32
 	if (h_errno)
 		fprintf (stderr, ": %s\n",winsockstr(h_errno));
 #else
     if (errno) {		/* this gives funny-looking messages, but */
       perror (" ");		/* it's more portable than sys_errlist[]... */
     }				/* xxx: do something better.  */
 #endif
 	else
       fprintf (stderr, "\n");
     fflush (stderr);
   }
 } /* holler */
 
 /* bail :
    error-exit handler, callable from anywhere */
 void bail (str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6)
   char * str;
   char * p1, * p2, * p3, * p4, * p5, * p6;
 {
   o_verbose = 1;
   holler (str, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(netfd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (netfd);
 #else
   close (netfd);
 #endif
   sleep (1);
   exit (1);
 } /* bail */
 
 /* catch :
    no-brainer interrupt handler */
 void catch ()
 {
   errno = 0;
    if (o_verbose > 1)		/* normally we don't care */
     bail (wrote_txt, wrote_net, wrote_out);
 
   bail (" punt!");
 }
 
 /* timeout and other signal handling cruft */
 void tmtravel ()
 {
 #ifdef NTFIXTHIS
   signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
   alarm (0);
 #endif
   if (jval == 0)
     bail ("spurious timer interrupt!");
   longjmp (jbuf, jval);
 }
 
 
 
 UINT theTimer;
 
 /* arm :
    set the timer.  Zero secs arg means unarm  */
 void arm (num, secs)
   unsigned int num;
   unsigned int secs;
 {
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 	HANDLE stdhnd;
 	stdhnd = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	if (stdhnd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 		printf("handle is %ld\n", stdhnd);
 	else
 		printf("failed to get stdhndl\n");
 #endif
 #else
 if (secs == 0) {			/* reset */
 	signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
     alarm (0);
     jval = 0;
   } else {				/* set */
     signal (SIGALRM, tmtravel);
     alarm (secs);
     jval = num;
   } /* if secs */
 #endif /* WIN32 */
 } /* arm */
 
 /* Hmalloc :
    malloc up what I want, rounded up to *4, and pre-zeroed.  Either succeeds
    or bails out on its own, so that callers don't have to worry about it. */
 char * Hmalloc (size)
   unsigned int size;
 {
   unsigned int s = (size + 4) & 0xfffffffc;	/* 4GB?! */
   char * p = malloc (s);
   if (p != NULL)
     memset (p, 0, s);
   else
     bail ("Hmalloc %d failed", s);
   return (p);
 } /* Hmalloc */
 
 /* findline :
    find the next newline in a buffer; return inclusive size of that "line",
    or the entire buffer size, so the caller knows how much to then write().
    Not distinguishing \n vs \r\n for the nonce; it just works as is... */
 unsigned int findline (buf, siz)
   char * buf;
   unsigned int siz;
 {
   register char * p;
   register int x;
   if (! buf)			/* various sanity checks... */
     return (0);
   if (siz > BIGSIZ)
     return (0);
   x = siz;
   for (p = buf; x > 0; x--) {
     if (*p == '\n') {
       x = (int) (p - buf);
       x++;			/* 'sokay if it points just past the end! */
 Debug (("findline returning %d", x))
       return (x);
     }
     p++;
   } /* for */
 Debug (("findline returning whole thing: %d", siz))
   return (siz);
 } /* findline */
 
 /* comparehosts :
    cross-check the host_poop we have so far against new gethostby*() info,
    and holler about mismatches.  Perhaps gratuitous, but it can't hurt to
    point out when someone's DNS is fukt.  Returns 1 if mismatch, in case
    someone else wants to do something about it. */
 int comparehosts (poop, hp)
   HINF * poop;
   struct hostent * hp;
 {
   errno = 0;
 #ifndef WIN32
   h_errno = 0;
 #endif
 /* The DNS spec is officially case-insensitive, but for those times when you
    *really* wanna see any and all discrepancies, by all means define this. */
 #ifdef ANAL			
   if (strcmp (poop->name, hp->h_name) != 0) {		/* case-sensitive */
 #else
   if (strcasecmp (poop->name, hp->h_name) != 0) {	/* normal */
 #endif
     holler ("DNS fwd/rev mismatch: %s != %s", poop->name, hp->h_name);
     return (1);
   }
   return (0);
 /* ... do we need to do anything over and above that?? */
 } /* comparehosts */
 
 /* gethostpoop :
    resolve a host 8 ways from sunday; return a new host_poop struct with its
    info.  The argument can be a name or [ascii] IP address; it will try its
    damndest to deal with it.  "numeric" governs whether we do any DNS at all,
    and we also check o_verbose for what's appropriate work to do. */
 HINF * gethostpoop (name, numeric)
   char * name;
   USHORT numeric;
 {
   struct hostent * hostent;
   struct in_addr iaddr;
   register HINF * poop = NULL;
   register int x;
 
 /* I really want to strangle the twit who dreamed up all these sockaddr and
    hostent abstractions, and then forced them all to be incompatible with
    each other so you *HAVE* to do all this ridiculous casting back and forth.
    If that wasn't bad enough, all the doc insists on referring to local ports
    and addresses as "names", which makes NO sense down at the bare metal.
 
    What an absolutely horrid paradigm, and to think of all the people who
    have been wasting significant amounts of time fighting with this stupid
    deliberate obfuscation over the last 10 years... then again, I like
    languages wherein a pointer is a pointer, what you put there is your own
    business, the compiler stays out of your face, and sheep are nervous.
    Maybe that's why my C code reads like assembler half the time... */
 
 /* If we want to see all the DNS stuff, do the following hair --
    if inet_addr, do reverse and forward with any warnings; otherwise try
    to do forward and reverse with any warnings.  In other words, as long
    as we're here, do a complete DNS check on these clowns.  Yes, it slows
    things down a bit for a first run, but once it's cached, who cares? */
 
   errno = 0;
 #ifndef WIN32
   h_errno = 0;
 #endif
   if (name)
     poop = (HINF *) Hmalloc (sizeof (HINF));
   if (! poop)
     bail ("gethostpoop fuxored");
   strcpy (poop->name, unknown);		/* preload it */
 /* see wzv:workarounds.c for dg/ux return-a-struct inet_addr lossage */
   iaddr.s_addr = inet_addr (name);
 
   if (iaddr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE) {	/* here's the great split: names... */
     if (numeric)
       bail ("Can't parse %s as an IP address", name);
     hostent = gethostbyname (name);
     if (! hostent)
 /* failure to look up a name is fatal, since we can't do anything with it */
 /* XXX: h_errno only if BIND?  look up how telnet deals with this */
       bail ("%s: forward host lookup failed: h_errno %d", name, h_errno);
     strncpy (poop->name, hostent->h_name, sizeof (poop->name));
     for (x = 0; hostent->h_addr_list[x] && (x < 8); x++) {
       memcpy (&poop->iaddrs[x], hostent->h_addr_list[x], sizeof (IA));
       strncpy (poop->addrs[x], inet_ntoa (poop->iaddrs[x]),
 	sizeof (poop->addrs[0]));
     } /* for x -> addrs, part A */
     if (! o_verbose)			/* if we didn't want to see the */
       return (poop);			/* inverse stuff, we're done. */
 /* do inverse lookups in separate loop based on our collected forward addrs,
    since gethostby* tends to crap into the same buffer over and over */
     for (x = 0; poop->iaddrs[x].s_addr && (x < 8); x++) {
       hostent = gethostbyaddr ((char *)&poop->iaddrs[x],
 				sizeof (IA), AF_INET);
       if ((! hostent) || (! hostent-> h_name))
 	holler ("Warning: inverse host lookup failed for %s: h_errno %d",
 	  poop->addrs[x], h_errno);
       else
 	(void) comparehosts (poop, hostent);
     } /* for x -> addrs, part B */
 
   } else {			/* not INADDR_NONE: numeric addresses... */
     memcpy (poop->iaddrs, &iaddr, sizeof (IA));
     strncpy (poop->addrs[0], inet_ntoa (iaddr), sizeof (poop->addrs));
     if (numeric)			/* if numeric-only, we're done */
       return (poop);
     if (! o_verbose)			/* likewise if we don't want */
       return (poop);			/* the full DNS hair */
     hostent = gethostbyaddr ((char *) &iaddr, sizeof (IA), AF_INET);
 /* numeric or not, failure to look up a PTR is *not* considered fatal */
     if (! hostent)
 	holler ("%s: inverse host lookup failed: h_errno %d", name, h_errno);
     else {
 	strncpy (poop->name, hostent->h_name, MAXHOSTNAMELEN - 2);
 	hostent = gethostbyname (poop->name);
 	if ((! hostent) || (! hostent->h_addr_list[0]))
 	  holler ("Warning: forward host lookup failed for %s: h_errno %d",
 		poop->name, h_errno);
 	else
 	  (void) comparehosts (poop, hostent);
     } /* if hostent */
   } /* INADDR_NONE Great Split */
 
 /* whatever-all went down previously, we should now have a host_poop struct
    with at least one IP address in it. */
 #ifndef WIN32
   h_errno = 0;
 #endif
   return (poop);
 } /* gethostpoop */
 
 /* getportpoop :
    Same general idea as gethostpoop -- look up a port in /etc/services, fill
    in global port_poop, but return the actual port *number*.  Pass ONE of:
 	pstring to resolve stuff like "23" or "exec";
 	pnum to reverse-resolve something that's already a number.
    If o_nflag is on, fill in what we can but skip the getservby??? stuff.
    Might as well have consistent behavior here... */
 USHORT getportpoop (pstring, pnum)
   char * pstring;
   unsigned int pnum;
 {
   struct servent * servent;
 #ifndef WIN32
   register int x;
   register int y;
 #else
   u_short x;
   u_short y;
 #endif
   char * whichp = p_tcp;
   if (o_udpmode)
     whichp = p_udp;
   portpoop->name[0] = '?';		/* fast preload */
   portpoop->name[1] = '\0';
 
 /* case 1: reverse-lookup of a number; placed first since this case is much
    more frequent if we're scanning */
   if (pnum) {
     if (pstring)			/* one or the other, pleeze */
       return (0);
     x = pnum;
     if (o_nflag)			/* go faster, skip getservbyblah */
       goto gp_finish;
     y = htons (x);			/* gotta do this -- see Fig.1 below */
     servent = getservbyport (y, whichp);
     if (servent) {
       y = ntohs (servent->s_port);
       if (x != y)			/* "never happen" */
 	holler ("Warning: port-bynum mismatch, %d != %d", x, y);
       strncpy (portpoop->name, servent->s_name, sizeof (portpoop->name));
     } /* if servent */
     goto gp_finish;
   } /* if pnum */
 
 /* case 2: resolve a string, but we still give preference to numbers instead
    of trying to resolve conflicts.  None of the entries in *my* extensive
    /etc/services begins with a digit, so this should "always work" unless
    you're at 3com and have some company-internal services defined... */
   if (pstring) {
     if (pnum)				/* one or the other, pleeze */
       return (0);
     x = atoi (pstring);
     if (x)
       return (getportpoop (NULL, x));	/* recurse for numeric-string-arg */
     if (o_nflag)			/* can't use names! */
       return (0);
     servent = getservbyname (pstring, whichp);
     if (servent) {
       strncpy (portpoop->name, servent->s_name, sizeof (portpoop->name));
       x = ntohs (servent->s_port);
       goto gp_finish;
     } /* if servent */
   } /* if pstring */
 
   return (0);				/* catches any problems so far */
 
 /* Obligatory netdb.h-inspired rant: servent.s_port is supposed to be an int.
    Despite this, we still have to treat it as a short when copying it around.
    Not only that, but we have to convert it *back* into net order for
    getservbyport to work.  Manpages generally aren't clear on all this, but
    there are plenty of examples in which it is just quietly done.  More BSD
    lossage... since everything getserv* ever deals with is local to our own
    host, why bother with all this network-order/host-order crap at all?!
    That should be saved for when we want to actually plug the port[s] into
    some real network calls -- and guess what, we have to *re*-convert at that
    point as well.  Fuckheads. */
 
 gp_finish:
 /* Fall here whether or not we have a valid servent at this point, with
    x containing our [host-order and therefore useful, dammit] port number */
   sprintf (portpoop->anum, "%d", x);	/* always load any numeric specs! */
   portpoop->num = (x & 0xffff);		/* ushort, remember... */
   return (portpoop->num);
 } /* getportpoop */
 
 /* nextport :
    Come up with the next port to try, be it random or whatever.  "block" is
    a ptr to randports array, whose bytes [so far] carry these meanings:
 	0	ignore
 	1	to be tested
 	2	tested [which is set as we find them here]
    returns a USHORT random port, or 0 if all the t-b-t ones are used up. */
 USHORT nextport (block)
   char * block;
 {
   register unsigned int x;
   register unsigned int y;
 
   y = 70000;			/* high safety count for rnd-tries */
   while (y > 0) {
     x = (RAND() & 0xffff);
     if (block[x] == 1) {	/* try to find a not-done one... */
       block[x] = 2;
       break;
     }
     x = 0;			/* bummer. */
     y--;
   } /* while y */
   if (x)
     return (x);
 
   y = 65535;			/* no random one, try linear downsearch */
   while (y > 0) {		/* if they're all used, we *must* be sure! */
     if (block[y] == 1) {
       block[y] = 2;
       break;
     }
     y--;
   } /* while y */
   if (y)
     return (y);			/* at least one left */
 
   return (0);			/* no more left! */
 } /* nextport */
 
 /* loadports :
    set "to be tested" indications in BLOCK, from LO to HI.  Almost too small
    to be a separate routine, but makes main() a little cleaner... */
 void loadports (block, lo, hi)
   char * block;
   USHORT lo;
   USHORT hi;
 {
   USHORT x;
 
   if (! block)
     bail ("loadports: no block?!");
   if ((! lo) || (! hi))
     bail ("loadports: bogus values %d, %d", lo, hi);
   x = hi;
   while (lo <= x) {
     block[x] = 1;
     x--;
   }
 } /* loadports */
 
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
 char * pr00gie = NULL;			/* global ptr to -e arg */
 #ifdef WIN32
 BOOL doexec(SOCKET  ClientSocket);  // this is in doexec.c
 #else
 
 /* doexec :
    fiddle all the file descriptors around, and hand off to another prog.  Sort
    of like a one-off "poor man's inetd".  This is the only section of code
    that would be security-critical, which is why it's ifdefed out by default.
    Use at your own hairy risk; if you leave shells lying around behind open
    listening ports you deserve to lose!! */
 doexec (fd)
   int fd;
 {
   register char * p;
 
   dup2 (fd, 0);				/* the precise order of fiddlage */
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(fd, SD_BOTH);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (fd);
 #else
   close (fd);				/* is apparently crucial; this is */
 #endif
   dup2 (0, 1);				/* swiped directly out of "inetd". */
   dup2 (0, 2);
   p = strrchr (pr00gie, '/');		/* shorter argv[0] */
   if (p)
     p++;
   else
     p = pr00gie;
 Debug (("gonna exec %s as %s...", pr00gie, p))
   execl (pr00gie, p, NULL);
   bail ("exec %s failed", pr00gie);	/* this gets sent out.  Hmm... */
 } /* doexec */
 #endif
 #endif /* GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE */
 
 /* doconnect :
    do all the socket stuff, and return an fd for one of
 	an open outbound TCP connection
 	a UDP stub-socket thingie
    with appropriate socket options set up if we wanted source-routing, or
 	an unconnected TCP or UDP socket to listen on.
    Examines various global o_blah flags to figure out what-all to do. */
 int doconnect (rad, rp, lad, lp)
   IA * rad;
   USHORT rp;
   IA * lad;
   USHORT lp;
 {
 #ifndef WIN32
   register int nnetfd;
 #endif
   register int rr;
   int x, y;
 
   errno = 0;
 #ifdef WIN32
 	WSASetLastError(0);
 #endif
 /* grab a socket; set opts */
   if (o_udpmode)
     nnetfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
   else
     nnetfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
   if (nnetfd < 0)
     bail ("Can't get socket");
   if (nnetfd == 0)		/* might *be* zero if stdin was closed! */
     nnetfd = dup (nnetfd);	/* so fix it.  Leave the old 0 hanging. */
 #ifdef WIN32
   rr = setsockopt (nnetfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char FAR *)setsockopt_c, sizeof (setsockopt_c));
 #else
   x = 1;
   rr = setsockopt (nnetfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &x, sizeof (x));
 #endif
   if (rr == -1)
     holler ("nnetfd reuseaddr failed");		/* ??? */
 #ifdef SO_REUSEPORT	/* doesnt exist everywhere... */
 #ifdef WIN32
   rr = setsockopt (nnetfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &c, sizeof (c));
 #else
   rr = setsockopt (nnetfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &x, sizeof (x));
 #endif
   if (rr == -1)
     holler ("nnetfd reuseport failed");		/* ??? */
 #endif
 
 /* fill in all the right sockaddr crud */
   lclend->sin_family = AF_INET;
   remend->sin_family = AF_INET;
 
 /* if lad/lp, do appropriate binding */
   if (lad)
     memcpy (&lclend->sin_addr.s_addr, lad, sizeof (IA));
   if (lp)
     lclend->sin_port = htons (lp);
   rr = 0;
   if (lad || lp) {
     x = (int) lp;
 /* try a few times for the local bind, a la ftp-data-port... */
     for (y = 4; y > 0; y--) {
       rr = bind (nnetfd, (SA *)lclend, sizeof (SA));
       if (rr == 0)
 	break;
       if (errno != EADDRINUSE)
 	break;
       else {
 	holler ("retrying local %s:%d", inet_ntoa (lclend->sin_addr), lp);
 	sleep (1);
 	errno = 0;			/* clear from sleep */
       } /* if EADDRINUSE */
     } /* for y counter */
   } /* if lad or lp */
   if (rr)
     bail ("Can't grab %s:%d with bind",
 	inet_ntoa(lclend->sin_addr), lp);
 
   if (o_listen)
     return (nnetfd);			/* thanks, that's all for today */
 
   memcpy (&remend->sin_addr.s_addr, rad, sizeof (IA));
   remend->sin_port = htons (rp);
 
 /* rough format of LSRR option and explanation of weirdness.
 -Option comes after IP-hdr dest addr in packet, padded to *4, and ihl > 5.
 -IHL is multiples of 4, i.e. real len = ip_hl << 2.
 -	type 131	1	; 0x83: copied, option class 0, number 3
 -	len		1	; of *whole* option!
 -	pointer		1	; nxt-hop-addr; 1-relative, not 0-relative
 -	addrlist...	var	; 4 bytes per hop-addr
 -	pad-to-32	var	; ones, i.e. "NOP"
 -
 -If we want to route A -> B via hops C and D, we must add C, D, *and* B to the
 -options list.  Why?  Because when we hand the kernel A -> B with list C, D, B
 -the "send shuffle" inside the kernel changes it into A -> C with list D, B and
 -the outbound packet gets sent to C.  If B wasn't also in the hops list, the
 -final destination would have been lost at this point.
 -
 -When C gets the packet, it changes it to A -> D with list C', B where C' is
 -the interface address that C used to forward the packet.  This "records" the
 -route hop from B's point of view, i.e. which address points "toward" B.  This
 -is to make B better able to return the packets.  The pointer gets bumped by 4,
 -so that D does the right thing instead of trying to forward back to C.
 -
 -When B finally gets the packet, it sees that the pointer is at the end of the
 -LSRR list and is thus "completed".  B will then try to use the packet instead
 -of forwarding it, i.e. deliver it up to some application.
 -
 -Note that by moving the pointer yourself, you could send the traffic directly
 -to B but have it return via your preconstructed source-route.  Playing with
 -this and watching "tcpdump -v" is the best way to understand what's going on.
 -
 -Only works for TCP in BSD-flavor kernels.  UDP is a loss; udp_input calls
 -stripoptions() early on, and the code to save the srcrt is notdef'ed.
 -Linux is also still a loss at 1.3.x it looks like; the lsrr code is { }...
 -*/
 
 
 /* if any -g arguments were given, set up source-routing.  We hit this after
    the gates are all looked up and ready to rock, any -G pointer is set,
    and gatesidx is now the *number* of hops */
   if (gatesidx) {		/* if we wanted any srcrt hops ... */
 /* don't even bother compiling if we can't do IP options here! */
 /* #ifdef IP_OPTIONS */
 #ifndef WIN32 
     if (! optbuf) {		/* and don't already *have* a srcrt set */
       char * opp;		/* then do all this setup hair */
       optbuf = Hmalloc (48);
       opp = optbuf;
       *opp++ = IPOPT_LSRR;					/* option */
       *opp++ = (char)
 	(((gatesidx + 1) * sizeof (IA)) + 3) & 0xff;		/* length */
       *opp++ = gatesptr;					/* pointer */
 /* opp now points at first hop addr -- insert the intermediate gateways */
       for ( x = 0; x < gatesidx; x++) {
 	memcpy (opp, gates[x]->iaddrs, sizeof (IA));
 	opp += sizeof (IA);
       }
 /* and tack the final destination on the end [needed!] */
       memcpy (opp, rad, sizeof (IA));
       opp += sizeof (IA);
       *opp = IPOPT_NOP;			/* alignment filler */
     } /* if empty optbuf */
 /* calculate length of whole option mess, which is (3 + [hops] + [final] + 1),
    and apply it [have to do this every time through, of course] */
     x = ((gatesidx + 1) * sizeof (IA)) + 4;
     rr = setsockopt (nnetfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, optbuf, x);
     if (rr == -1)
       bail ("srcrt setsockopt fuxored");
 #else /* IP_OPTIONS */
     holler ("Warning: source routing unavailable on this machine, ignoring");
 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS*/
   } /* if gatesidx */
 
 /* wrap connect inside a timer, and hit it */
   arm (1, o_wait);
   if (setjmp (jbuf) == 0) {
     rr = connect (nnetfd, (SA *)remend, sizeof (SA));
   } else {				/* setjmp: connect failed... */
     rr = -1;
 #ifdef WIN32
     WSASetLastError(WSAETIMEDOUT);			/* fake it */
 #else
     errno = ETIMEDOUT;			/* fake it */
 #endif
   }
   arm (0, 0);
   if (rr == 0)
     return (nnetfd);
 #ifdef WIN32
   errno = h_errno;
   shutdown(nnetfd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (nnetfd);
   WSASetLastError(errno); /* don't want to lose connect error */
 #else
   close (nnetfd);			/* clean up junked socket FD!! */
 #endif
   return (-1);
 } /* doconnect */
 
 /* dolisten :
    just like doconnect, and in fact calls a hunk of doconnect, but listens for
    incoming and returns an open connection *from* someplace.  If we were
    given host/port args, any connections from elsewhere are rejected.  This
    in conjunction with local-address binding should limit things nicely... */
 int dolisten (rad, rp, lad, lp)
   IA * rad;
   USHORT rp;
   IA * lad;
   USHORT lp;
 {
   register int nnetfd;
   register int rr;
   HINF * whozis = NULL;
   int x;
   char * cp;
   USHORT z;
   errno = 0;
 
 /* Pass everything off to doconnect, who in o_listen mode just gets a socket */
   nnetfd = doconnect (rad, rp, lad, lp);
   if (nnetfd <= 0)
     return (-1);
   if (o_udpmode) {			/* apparently UDP can listen ON */
     if (! lp)				/* "port 0",  but that's not useful */
       bail ("UDP listen needs -p arg");
   } else {
     rr = listen (nnetfd, 1);		/* gotta listen() before we can get */
     if (rr < 0)				/* our local random port.  sheesh. */
       bail ("local listen fuxored");
   }
 
 /* I can't believe I have to do all this to get my own goddamn bound address
    and port number.  It should just get filled in during bind() or something.
    All this is only useful if we didn't say -p for listening, since if we
    said -p we *know* what port we're listening on.  At any rate we won't bother
    with it all unless we wanted to see it, although listening quietly on a
    random unknown port is probably not very useful without "netstat". */
   if (o_verbose) {
     x = sizeof (SA);		/* how 'bout getsockNUM instead, pinheads?! */
     rr = getsockname (nnetfd, (SA *) lclend, &x);
       if (rr < 0)
 	holler ("local getsockname failed");
     strcpy (bigbuf_net, "listening on [");	/* buffer reuse... */
       if (lclend->sin_addr.s_addr)
 	strcat (bigbuf_net, inet_ntoa (lclend->sin_addr));
       else
 	strcat (bigbuf_net, "any");
     strcat (bigbuf_net, "] %d ...");
     z = ntohs (lclend->sin_port);
     holler (bigbuf_net, z);
   } /* verbose -- whew!! */
 
 /* UDP is a speeeeecial case -- we have to do I/O *and* get the calling
    party's particulars all at once, listen() and accept() don't apply.
    At least in the BSD universe, however, recvfrom/PEEK is enough to tell
    us something came in, and we can set things up so straight read/write
    actually does work after all.  Yow.  YMMV on strange platforms!  */
   if (o_udpmode) {
     x = sizeof (SA);		/* retval for recvfrom */
     arm (2, o_wait);		/* might as well timeout this, too */
     if (setjmp (jbuf) == 0) {	/* do timeout for initial connect */
       rr = recvfrom		/* and here we block... */
 	(nnetfd, bigbuf_net, BIGSIZ, MSG_PEEK, (SA *) remend, &x);
 Debug (("dolisten/recvfrom ding, rr = %d, netbuf %s ", rr, bigbuf_net))
     } else
       goto dol_tmo;		/* timeout */
     arm (0, 0);
 /* I'm not completely clear on how this works -- BSD seems to make UDP
    just magically work in a connect()ed context, but we'll undoubtedly run
    into systems this deal doesn't work on.  For now, we apparently have to
    issue a connect() on our just-tickled socket so we can write() back.
    Again, why the fuck doesn't it just get filled in and taken care of?!
    This hack is anything but optimal.  Basically, if you want your listener
    to also be able to send data back, you need this connect() line, which
    also has the side effect that now anything from a different source or even a
    different port on the other end won't show up and will cause ICMP errors.
    I guess that's what they meant by "connect".
    Let's try to remember what the "U" is *really* for, eh?
 */
     rr = connect (nnetfd, (SA *)remend, sizeof (SA));
     goto whoisit;
   } /* o_udpmode */
 
 /* fall here for TCP */
   x = sizeof (SA);		/* retval for accept */
   arm (2, o_wait);		/* wrap this in a timer, too; 0 = forever */
   if (setjmp (jbuf) == 0) {
     rr = accept (nnetfd, (SA *)remend, &x);
   } else
     goto dol_tmo;		/* timeout */
   arm (0, 0);
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(nnetfd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (nnetfd);
 #else
   close (nnetfd);		/* dump the old socket */
 #endif
   nnetfd = rr;			/* here's our new one */
 
 whoisit:
   if (rr < 0)
     goto dol_err;		/* bail out if any errors so far */
 
 /* Various things that follow temporarily trash bigbuf_net, which might contain
    a copy of any recvfrom()ed packet, but we'll read() another copy later. */
 
 /* If we can, look for any IP options.  Useful for testing the receiving end of
    such things, and is a good exercise in dealing with it.  We do this before
    the connect message, to ensure that the connect msg is uniformly the LAST
    thing to emerge after all the intervening crud.  Doesn't work for UDP on
    any machines I've tested, but feel free to surprise me. */
 /* #ifdef IP_OPTIONS */
 #ifndef WIN32
   if (! o_verbose)			/* if we wont see it, we dont care */
     goto dol_noop;
   optbuf = Hmalloc (40);
   x = 40;
   rr = getsockopt (nnetfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, optbuf, &x);
   if (rr < 0)
     holler ("getsockopt failed");
 Debug (("ipoptions ret len %d", x))
   if (x) {				/* we've got options, lessee em... */
     unsigned char * q = (unsigned char *) optbuf;
     char * p = bigbuf_net;		/* local variables, yuk! */
     char * pp = &bigbuf_net[128];	/* get random space farther out... */
     memset (bigbuf_net, 0, 256);	/* clear it all first */
     while (x > 0) {
 	sprintf (pp, "%2.2x ", *q);	/* clumsy, but works: turn into hex */
 	strcat (p, pp);			/* and build the final string */
 	q++; p++;
 	x--;
     }
     holler ("IP options: %s", bigbuf_net);
   } /* if x, i.e. any options */
 dol_noop:
 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 
 /* find out what address the connection was *to* on our end, in case we're
    doing a listen-on-any on a multihomed machine.  This allows one to
    offer different services via different alias addresses, such as the
    "virtual web site" hack. */
   memset (bigbuf_net, 0, 64);
   cp = &bigbuf_net[32];
   x = sizeof (SA);
   rr = getsockname (nnetfd, (SA *) lclend, &x);
   if (rr < 0)
     holler ("post-rcv getsockname failed");
   strcpy (cp, inet_ntoa (lclend->sin_addr));
 
 
 /* now check out who it is.  We don't care about mismatched DNS names here,
    but any ADDR and PORT we specified had better fucking well match the caller.
    Converting from addr to inet_ntoa and back again is a bit of a kludge, but
    gethostpoop wants a string and there's much gnarlier code out there already,
    so I don't feel bad.
    The *real* question is why BFD sockets wasn't designed to allow listens for
    connections *from* specific hosts/ports, instead of requiring the caller to
    accept the connection and then reject undesireable ones by closing. */
   z = ntohs (remend->sin_port);
   strcpy (bigbuf_net, inet_ntoa (remend->sin_addr));
   whozis = gethostpoop (bigbuf_net, o_nflag);
   errno = 0;
   x = 0;				/* use as a flag... */
   if (rad)
     if (memcmp (rad, whozis->iaddrs, sizeof (SA)))
       x = 1;
   if (rp)
     if (z != rp)
       x = 1;
   if (x)					/* guilty! */
 	bail ("invalid connection to [%s] from %s [%s] %d",
 	cp, whozis->name, whozis->addrs[0], z);
   	holler ("connect to [%s] from %s [%s] %d",		/* oh, you're okay.. */
 	cp, whozis->name, whozis->addrs[0], z);
 
   return (nnetfd);				/* open! */
 
 dol_tmo:
   errno = ETIMEDOUT;			/* fake it */
 dol_err:
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(nnetfd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (nnetfd);
 #else
   close (nnetfd);
 #endif
   return (-1);
 } /* dolisten */
 
 /* udptest :
    fire a couple of packets at a UDP target port, just to see if it's really
    there.  On BSD kernels, ICMP host/port-unreachable errors get delivered to
    our socket as ECONNREFUSED write errors.  On SV kernels, we lose; we'll have
    to collect and analyze raw ICMP ourselves a la satan's probe_udp_ports
    backend.  Guess where could swipe the appropriate code from...
 
    Use the time delay between writes if given, otherwise use the "tcp ping"
    trick for getting the RTT.  [I got that idea from pluvius, and warped it.]
    Return either the original fd, or clean up and return -1. */
 udptest (fd, where)
   int fd;
   IA * where;
 {
   register int rr;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
   rr = send (fd, bigbuf_in, 1, 0);
 #else
   rr = write (fd, bigbuf_in, 1);
 #endif
   if (rr != 1)
     holler ("udptest first write failed?! errno %d", errno);
   if (o_wait)
     sleep (o_wait);
   else {
 /* use the tcp-ping trick: try connecting to a normally refused port, which
    causes us to block for the time that SYN gets there and RST gets back.
    Not completely reliable, but it *does* mostly work. */
     o_udpmode = 0;			/* so doconnect does TCP this time */
 /* Set a temporary connect timeout, so packet filtration doesnt cause
    us to hang forever, and hit it */
     o_wait = 5;				/* XXX: enough to notice?? */
     rr = doconnect (where, SLEAZE_PORT, 0, 0);
     if (rr > 0)
 #ifdef WIN32
 	  shutdown(fd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
 	  closesocket (rr);
 #else
       close (rr);			/* in case it *did* open */
 #endif
     o_wait = 0;				/* reset it */
     o_udpmode++;			/* we *are* still doing UDP, right? */
   } /* if o_wait */
   errno = 0;				/* clear from sleep */
 #ifdef WIN32
   rr = send (fd, bigbuf_in, 1, 0);
 #else
   rr = write (fd, bigbuf_in, 1);
 #endif
   if (rr == 1)				/* if write error, no UDP listener */
     return (fd);
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(fd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (fd);
 #else
   close (fd);				/* use it or lose it! */
 #endif
   return (-1);
 } /* udptest */
 
 /* oprint :
    Hexdump bytes shoveled either way to a running logfile, in the format:
 D offset       -  - - - --- 16 bytes --- - - -  -     # .... ascii .....
    where "which" sets the direction indicator, D:
 	0 -- sent to network, or ">"
 	1 -- rcvd and printed to stdout, or "<"
    and "buf" and "n" are data-block and length.  If the current block generates
    a partial line, so be it; we *want* that lockstep indication of who sent
    what when.  Adapted from dgaudet's original example -- but must be ripping
    *fast*, since we don't want to be too disk-bound... */
 void oprint (which, buf, n)
   int which;
   char * buf;
   int n;
 {
   int bc;			/* in buffer count */
   int obc;			/* current "global" offset */
   int soc;			/* stage write count */
   register unsigned char * p;	/* main buf ptr; m.b. unsigned here */
   register unsigned char * op;	/* out hexdump ptr */
   register unsigned char * a;	/* out asc-dump ptr */
   register int x;
   register unsigned int y;
 
   if (! ofd)
     bail ("oprint called with no open fd?!");
   if (n == 0)
     return;
 
   op = stage;
   if (which) {
     *op = '<';
     obc = wrote_out;		/* use the globals! */
   } else {
     *op = '>';
     obc = wrote_net;
   }
   op++;				/* preload "direction" */
   *op = ' ';
   p = (unsigned char *) buf;
   bc = n;
   stage[59] = '#';		/* preload separator */
   stage[60] = ' ';
 
   while (bc) {			/* for chunk-o-data ... */
     x = 16;
     soc = 78;			/* len of whole formatted line */
     if (bc < x) {
       soc = soc - 16 + bc;	/* fiddle for however much is left */
       x = (bc * 3) + 11;	/* 2 digits + space per, after D & offset */
       op = &stage[x];
       x = 16 - bc;
       while (x) {
 	*op++ = ' ';		/* preload filler spaces */
 	*op++ = ' ';
 	*op++ = ' ';
 	x--;
       }
       x = bc;			/* re-fix current linecount */
     } /* if bc < x */
 
     bc -= x;			/* fix wrt current line size */
     sprintf (&stage[2], "%8.8x ", obc);		/* xxx: still slow? */
     obc += x;			/* fix current offset */
     op = &stage[11];		/* where hex starts */
     a = &stage[61];		/* where ascii starts */
 
     while (x) {			/* for line of dump, however long ... */
       y = (int)(*p >> 4);	/* hi half */
       *op = hexnibs[y];
       op++;
       y = (int)(*p & 0x0f);	/* lo half */
       *op = hexnibs[y];
       op++;
       *op = ' ';
       op++;
       if ((*p > 31) && (*p < 127))
 	*a = *p;		/* printing */
       else
 	*a = '.';		/* nonprinting, loose def */
       a++;
       p++;
       x--;
     } /* while x */
     *a = '\n';			/* finish the line */
     x = write (ofd, stage, soc);
     if (x < 0)
       bail ("ofd write err");
   } /* while bc */
 } /* oprint */
 
 #ifdef TELNET
 USHORT o_tn = 0;		/* global -t option */
 
 /* atelnet :
    Answer anything that looks like telnet negotiation with don't/won't.
    This doesn't modify any data buffers, update the global output count,
    or show up in a hexdump -- it just shits into the outgoing stream.
    Idea and codebase from Mudge@l0pht.com. */
 void atelnet (buf, size)
   unsigned char * buf;		/* has to be unsigned here! */
   unsigned int size;
 {
   static unsigned char obuf [4];  /* tiny thing to build responses into */
   register int x;
   register unsigned char y;
   register unsigned char * p;
 
   y = 0;
   p = buf;
   x = size;
   while (x > 0) {
     if (*p != 255)			/* IAC? */
       goto notiac;
     obuf[0] = 255;
     p++; x--;
     if ((*p == 251) || (*p == 252))	/* WILL or WONT */
       y = 254;				/* -> DONT */
     if ((*p == 253) || (*p == 254))	/* DO or DONT */
       y = 252;				/* -> WONT */
     if (y) {
       obuf[1] = y;
       p++; x--;
       obuf[2] = *p;			/* copy actual option byte */
 #ifdef WIN32
 	  (void) send (netfd, obuf, 3, 0);	/* one line, or the whole buffer */
 #else
       (void) write (netfd, obuf, 3);
 #endif
 /* if one wanted to bump wrote_net or do a hexdump line, here's the place */
       y = 0;
     } /* if y */
 notiac:
     p++; x--;
   } /* while x */
 } /* atelnet */
 #endif /* TELNET */
 
 
 /* readwrite :
    handle stdin/stdout/network I/O.  Bwahaha!! -- the select loop from hell.
    In this instance, return what might become our exit status. */
 int readwrite (fd)
 #ifdef WIN32
   unsigned int fd;
 #else
   int fd;
 #endif
 {
   register int rr;
   register char * zp;		/* stdin buf ptr */
   register char * np;		/* net-in buf ptr */
   unsigned int rzleft;
   unsigned int rnleft;
   USHORT netretry;		/* net-read retry counter */
   USHORT wretry;		/* net-write sanity counter */
   USHORT wfirst;		/* one-shot flag to skip first net read */
 
 #ifdef WIN32 /* (weld) WIN32 must poll because of weak stdin handling so we need a
 				short timer */
   struct timeval timer3;
   int istty;
   time_t start, current;
   int foo;
 
   timer3.tv_sec = 0;
   timer3.tv_usec = 1000;
 
   /* save the time so we can bail when we reach timeout */
   time( &start );
 
 
   /* sets stdin and stdout to binary so no crlf translation if its a tty */
   if (!_isatty( 1 ))
 	_setmode( 1, _O_BINARY ); 
 
   if ((istty = _isatty( 0 )) == FALSE)
 	_setmode( 0, _O_BINARY ); /* (weld) I think we want to do this */
 
 #endif
 
 /* if you don't have all this FD_* macro hair in sys/types.h, you'll have to
    either find it or do your own bit-bashing: *ding1 |= (1 << fd), etc... */
 #ifndef WIN32  /* fd is not implemented as a real file handle in WIN32 */
   if (fd > FD_SETSIZE) {
     holler ("Preposterous fd value %d", fd);
     return (1);
   }
 #endif
   FD_SET (fd, ding1);		/* global: the net is open */
   netretry = 2;
   wfirst = 0;
   rzleft = rnleft = 0;
   if (insaved) {
     rzleft = insaved;		/* preload multi-mode fakeouts */
     zp = bigbuf_in;
 
 	wfirst = 1;
     if (Single)			/* if not scanning, this is a one-off first */
       insaved = 0;		/* buffer left over from argv construction, */
     else {
       FD_CLR (0, ding1);	/* OR we've already got our repeat chunk, */
       close (0);		/* so we won't need any more stdin */
     } /* Single */
   } /* insaved */
 
   if (o_interval)
     sleep (o_interval);		/* pause *before* sending stuff, too */
   errno = 0;			/* clear from sleep */
 #ifdef WIN32
   WSASetLastError(0);
 #endif
 
 /* and now the big ol' select shoveling loop ... */
   while (FD_ISSET (fd, ding1)) {	/* i.e. till the *net* closes! */
     wretry = 8200;			/* more than we'll ever hafta write */
     if (wfirst) {			/* any saved stdin buffer? */
       wfirst = 0;			/* clear flag for the duration */
       goto shovel;			/* and go handle it first */
     }
     *ding2 = *ding1;			/* FD_COPY ain't portable... */
 	
 /* some systems, notably linux, crap into their select timers on return, so
    we create a expendable copy and give *that* to select.  *Fuck* me ... */
     if (timer1)
       memcpy (timer2, timer1, sizeof (struct timeval));
 #ifdef WIN32 /* (weld)we must use our own small timeval to poll */
     rr = select (16, ding2, 0, 0, &timer3);	/* here it is, kiddies */
 #else
     rr = select (16, ding2, 0, 0, timer2);	/* here it is, kiddies */
 #endif
     if (rr < 0) {
 #ifdef WIN32
 		if (h_errno != WSAEINTR) {		/* might have gotten ^Zed, etc ?*/
 #else
 		if (errno != EINTR) {		/* might have gotten ^Zed, etc ?*/
 #endif
 		  foo = h_errno;
 		  holler ("select fuxored");
 #ifdef WIN32
 		  shutdown(fd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
 		  closesocket (fd);
 #else
 		  close (fd);
 #endif
 		  return (1);
 		}
     } /* select fuckup */
 /* if we have a timeout AND stdin is closed AND we haven't heard anything
    from the net during that time, assume it's dead and close it too. */
 #ifndef WIN32  /* (weld) need to write some code here */
     if (rr == 0) {
 	if (! FD_ISSET (0, ding1))
 	  netretry--;			/* we actually try a coupla times. */
 	if (! netretry) {
 	  if (o_verbose > 1)		/* normally we don't care */
 	    holler ("net timeout");
 	  close (fd);
 	  return (0);			/* not an error! */
 		}
     } /* select timeout */
 #else
 	if (rr == 0) {
 		time( &current );
 		if ( o_wait > 0 && (current - start) > timer1->tv_sec)	{
 			if (o_verbose > 1)		/* normally we don't care */
 				holler ("net timeout");
 			shutdown(fd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
 			closesocket (fd);
 			FD_ZERO(ding1);
 			WSASetLastError(0); 
 			return (0);			/* not an error! */
 		}
     } /* select timeout */
 #endif
 /* xxx: should we check the exception fds too?  The read fds seem to give
    us the right info, and none of the examples I found bothered. */
 
 /* Ding!!  Something arrived, go check all the incoming hoppers, net first */
     if (FD_ISSET (fd, ding2)) {		/* net: ding! */
 #ifdef WIN32
 	// reset timer
 	time( &start );
 
 	rr = recv (fd, bigbuf_net, BIGSIZ, 0);
 #else
 	rr = read (fd, bigbuf_net, BIGSIZ);
 #endif
 	if (rr <= 0) {
 	  FD_CLR (fd, ding1);		/* net closed, we'll finish up... */
 	  rzleft = 0;			/* can't write anymore: broken pipe */
 	} else {
 	  rnleft = rr;
 	  np = bigbuf_net;
 #ifdef TELNET
 	  if (o_tn)
 	    atelnet (np, rr);		/* fake out telnet stuff */
 #endif /* TELNET */
 	} /* if rr */
 Debug (("got %d from the net, errno %d", rr, errno))
     } /* net:ding */
 
 /* if we're in "slowly" mode there's probably still stuff in the stdin
    buffer, so don't read unless we really need MORE INPUT!  MORE INPUT! */
     if (rzleft)
 	goto shovel;
 
 /* okay, suck more stdin */
 #ifndef WIN32
     if (FD_ISSET (0, ding2)) {		/* stdin: ding! */
 	rr = read (0, bigbuf_in, BIGSIZ);
 
 /* xxx: maybe make reads here smaller for UDP mode, so that the subsequent
    writes are smaller -- 1024 or something?  "oh, frag it", etc, although
    mobygrams are kinda fun and exercise the reassembler. */
 	if (rr <= 0) {			/* at end, or fukt, or ... */
 	  FD_CLR (0, ding1);		/* disable and close stdin */
 	  close (0);
 	} else {
 	  rzleft = rr;
 	  zp = bigbuf_in;
 /* special case for multi-mode -- we'll want to send this one buffer to every
    open TCP port or every UDP attempt, so save its size and clean up stdin */
 	  if (! Single) {		/* we might be scanning... */
 	    insaved = rr;		/* save len */
 	    FD_CLR (0, ding1);		/* disable further junk from stdin */
 	    close (0);			/* really, I mean it */
 	  } /* Single */
 	} /* if rr/read */
     } /* stdin:ding */
 #else
 	if (istty) {
 		/* (weld) cool, we can actually peek a tty and not have to block */
 		/* needs to be cleaned up */
 		if (kbhit()) {
 /*			bigbuf_in[0] = getche(); */
 			gets(bigbuf_in);
 			if (o_crlf)
 		  	  strcat(bigbuf_in, "\x0d");
 		  	strcat(bigbuf_in, "\x0a");
 			rr = strlen(bigbuf_in);
 			rzleft = rr;
 			zp = bigbuf_in;
 /* special case for multi-mode -- we'll want to send this one buffer to every
    open TCP port or every UDP attempt, so save its size and clean up stdin */
 			if (! Single) {		/* we might be scanning... */
 				insaved = rr;		/* save len */
 				close (0);			/* really, I mean it */
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		/* (weld) this is gonna block until a <cr> so it kinda sucks */
 		rr = read (0, bigbuf_in, BIGSIZ);
 		if (rr <= 0) {			/* at end, or fukt, or ... */
 			close (0);
 		} else {
 			rzleft = rr;
 			zp = bigbuf_in;
 /* special case for multi-mode -- we'll want to send this one buffer to every
    open TCP port or every UDP attempt, so save its size and clean up stdin */
 			if (! Single) {		/* we might be scanning... */
 				insaved = rr;		/* save len */
 				close (0);			/* really, I mean it */
 			} /* Single */
 		} /* if rr/read */
 	}
 
 #endif
 shovel:
 /* now that we've dingdonged all our thingdings, send off the results.
    Geez, why does this look an awful lot like the big loop in "rsh"? ...
    not sure if the order of this matters, but write net -> stdout first. */
 
 /* sanity check.  Works because they're both unsigned... */
     if ((rzleft > 8200) || (rnleft > 8200)) {
 	holler ("Preposterous Pointers: %d, %d", rzleft, rnleft);
 	rzleft = rnleft = 0;
     }
 /* net write retries sometimes happen on UDP connections */
     if (! wretry) {			/* is something hung? */
 	holler ("too many output retries");
 	return (1);
     }
     if (rnleft) {
 	rr = write (1, np, rnleft);
 	fflush(stdin);
 	if (rr > 0) {
 	  if (o_wfile)
 	    oprint (1, np, rr);		/* log the stdout */
 	  np += rr;			/* fix up ptrs and whatnot */
 	  rnleft -= rr;			/* will get sanity-checked above */
 	  wrote_out += rr;		/* global count */
 	}
 Debug (("wrote %d to stdout, errno %d", rr, errno))
     } /* rnleft */
     if (rzleft) {
 	if (o_interval)			/* in "slowly" mode ?? */
 	  rr = findline (zp, rzleft);
 	else
 	  rr = rzleft;
 #ifdef WIN32
 	rr = send (fd, zp, rr, 0);	/* one line, or the whole buffer */
 #else
 	rr = write (fd, zp, rr);	/* one line, or the whole buffer */
 #endif
 	if (rr > 0) {
 	  zp += rr;
 	  rzleft -= rr;
 	  wrote_net += rr;		/* global count */
 	}
 Debug (("wrote %d to net, errno %d", rr, errno))
     } /* rzleft */
     if (o_interval) {			/* cycle between slow lines, or ... */
 	sleep (o_interval);
 	errno = 0;			/* clear from sleep */
 	continue;			/* ...with hairy select loop... */
     }
     if ((rzleft) || (rnleft)) {		/* shovel that shit till they ain't */
 	wretry--;			/* none left, and get another load */
 	goto shovel;
     }
   } /* while ding1:netfd is open */
 
 /* XXX: maybe want a more graceful shutdown() here, or screw around with
    linger times??  I suspect that I don't need to since I'm always doing
    blocking reads and writes and my own manual "last ditch" efforts to read
    the net again after a timeout.  I haven't seen any screwups yet, but it's
    not like my test network is particularly busy... */
 #ifdef WIN32
   shutdown(fd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
   closesocket (fd);
 #else
   close (fd);
 #endif
   return (0);
 } /* readwrite */
 
 /* main :
    now we pull it all together... */
 main (argc, argv)
   int argc;
   char ** argv;
 {
 #ifndef HAVE_GETOPT
   extern char * optarg;
   extern int optind, optopt;
 #endif
   register int x;
   register char *cp;
   HINF * gp;
   HINF * whereto = NULL;
   HINF * wherefrom = NULL;
   IA * ouraddr = NULL;
   IA * themaddr = NULL;
   USHORT o_lport = 0;
   USHORT ourport = 0;
   USHORT loport = 0;		/* for scanning stuff */
   USHORT hiport = 0;
   USHORT curport = 0;
   char * randports = NULL;
   int cycle = 0;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_BIND
 /* can *you* say "cc -yaddayadda netcat.c -lresolv -l44bsd" on SunLOSs? */
   res_init();
 #endif
 /* I was in this barbershop quartet in Skokie IL ... */
 /* round up the usual suspects, i.e. malloc up all the stuff we need */
   lclend = (SAI *) Hmalloc (sizeof (SA));
   remend = (SAI *) Hmalloc (sizeof (SA));
   bigbuf_in = Hmalloc (BIGSIZ);
   bigbuf_net = Hmalloc (BIGSIZ);
   ding1 = (fd_set *) Hmalloc (sizeof (fd_set));
   ding2 = (fd_set *) Hmalloc (sizeof (fd_set));
   portpoop = (PINF *) Hmalloc (sizeof (PINF));
 
 #ifdef WIN32
   setsockopt_c = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char));
   *setsockopt_c	= 1;
 #endif
 
   errno = 0;
   gatesptr = 4;
 #ifndef WIN32
   h_errno = 0;	
 #endif
 /* catch a signal or two for cleanup */
 #ifdef NTFIXTHIS
   signal (SIGINT, catch);
   signal (SIGQUIT, catch);
   signal (SIGTERM, catch);
   signal (SIGURG, SIG_IGN);
 #endif
 
 recycle:
 
 /* if no args given at all, get 'em from stdin and construct an argv. */
   if (argc == 1) {
     cp = argv[0];
     argv = (char **) Hmalloc (128 * sizeof (char *));	/* XXX: 128? */
     argv[0] = cp;			/* leave old prog name intact */
     cp = Hmalloc (BIGSIZ);
     argv[1] = cp;			/* head of new arg block */
     fprintf (stderr, "Cmd line: ");
     fflush (stderr);		/* I dont care if it's unbuffered or not! */
 	insaved = read (0, cp, BIGSIZ);	/* we're gonna fake fgets() here */
     if (insaved <= 0)
       bail ("wrong");
     x = findline (cp, insaved);
     if (x)
       insaved -= x;		/* remaining chunk size to be sent */
     if (insaved)		/* which might be zero... */
       memcpy (bigbuf_in, &cp[x], insaved);
     cp = strchr (argv[1], '\n');
     if (cp)
       *cp = '\0';
     cp = strchr (argv[1], '\r');	/* look for ^M too */
     if (cp)
       *cp = '\0';
 
 /* find and stash pointers to remaining new "args" */
     cp = argv[1];
     cp++;				/* skip past first char */
     x = 2;				/* we know argv 0 and 1 already */
     for (; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
       if (*cp == ' ') {
 	*cp = '\0';			/* smash all spaces */
 	continue;
       } else {
 	if (*(cp-1) == '\0') {
 	  argv[x] = cp;
 	  x++;
 	}
       } /* if space */
     } /* for cp */
     argc = x;
   } /* if no args given */
 
 /* If your shitbox doesn't have getopt, step into the nineties already. */
 /* optarg, optind = next-argv-component [i.e. flag arg]; optopt = last-char */
    while ((x = getopt (argc, argv, "ade:g:G:hi:lLno:p:rs:tcuvw:z")) != EOF) {
 /* Debug (("in go: x now %c, optarg %x optind %d", x, optarg, optind)) */
     switch (x) {
       case 'a':
 	bail ("all-A-records NIY");
 	o_alla++; break;
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
       case 'e':				/* prog to exec */
 	pr00gie = optarg;
 	break;
 #endif
 	        case 'L':				/* listen then cycle back to start instead of exiting */
 	o_listen++; 
   	cycle = 1;
 	  break;
 
 
         case 'd':				/* detach from console */
   	FreeConsole();;
 	  break;
 
 
       case 'G':				/* srcrt gateways pointer val */
 	x = atoi (optarg);
 	if ((x) && (x == (x & 0x1c)))	/* mask off bits of fukt values */
 	  gatesptr = x;
 	else
 	  bail ("invalid hop pointer %d, must be multiple of 4 <= 28", x);
 	break;
       case 'g':				/* srcroute hop[s] */
 	if (gatesidx > 8)
 	  bail ("too many -g hops");
 	if (gates == NULL)		/* eat this, Billy-boy */
 	  gates = (HINF **) Hmalloc (sizeof (HINF *) * 10);
 	gp = gethostpoop (optarg, o_nflag);
 	if (gp)
 	  gates[gatesidx] = gp;
 	gatesidx++;
 	break;
       case 'h':
 	errno = 0;
 #ifdef HAVE_HELP
 	helpme();			/* exits by itself */
 #else
 	bail ("no help available, dork -- RTFS");
 #endif
       case 'i':				/* line-interval time */
 	o_interval = atoi (optarg) & 0xffff;
 #ifdef WIN32
 	o_interval *= 1000;
 #endif
 	if (! o_interval)
 	  bail ("invalid interval time %s", optarg);
 	break;
       case 'l':				/* listen mode */
 	o_listen++; break;
       case 'n':				/* numeric-only, no DNS lookups */
 	o_nflag++; break;
       case 'o':				/* hexdump log */
 	stage = (unsigned char *) optarg;
 	o_wfile++; break;
       case 'p':				/* local source port */
 	o_lport = getportpoop (optarg, 0);
 	if (o_lport == 0)
 	  bail ("invalid local port %s", optarg);
 	break;
       case 'r':				/* randomize various things */
 	o_random++; break;
       case 's':				/* local source address */
 /* do a full lookup [since everything else goes through the same mill],
    unless -n was previously specified.  In fact, careful placement of -n can
    be useful, so we'll still pass o_nflag here instead of forcing numeric.  */
 	wherefrom = gethostpoop (optarg, o_nflag);
 	ouraddr = &wherefrom->iaddrs[0];
 	break;
 #ifdef TELNET
       case 't':				/* do telnet fakeout */
 	o_tn++; break;
 #endif /* TELNET */
 
       case 'c':				/* do telnet fakeout */
 	o_crlf++; break;
       case 'u':				/* use UDP */
 	o_udpmode++; break;
       case 'v':				/* verbose */
 	o_verbose++; break;
       case 'w':				/* wait time */
 	o_wait = atoi (optarg);
 	if (o_wait <= 0)
 	  bail ("invalid wait-time %s", optarg);
 	timer1 = (struct timeval *) Hmalloc (sizeof (struct timeval));
 	timer2 = (struct timeval *) Hmalloc (sizeof (struct timeval));
 	timer1->tv_sec = o_wait;	/* we need two.  see readwrite()... */
 	break;
       case 'z':				/* little or no data xfer */
 	o_zero++;
 	break;
       default:
 	errno = 0;
 	bail ("nc -h for help");
     } /* switch x */
   } /* while getopt */
 
 /* other misc initialization */
 #ifndef WIN32  /* Win32 doesn't like to mix file handles and sockets */
   Debug (("fd_set size %d", sizeof (*ding1)))	/* how big *is* it? */
   FD_SET (0, ding1);			/* stdin *is* initially open */
 #endif
   if (o_random) {
     SRAND (time (0));
     randports = Hmalloc (65536);	/* big flag array for ports */
   }
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
   if (pr00gie) {
     close (0);				/* won't need stdin */
     o_wfile = 0;			/* -o with -e is meaningless! */
     ofd = 0;
   }
 #endif /* G_S_H */
   if (o_wfile) {
     ofd = open (stage, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0664);
     if (ofd <= 0)			/* must be > extant 0/1/2 */
       bail ("can't open %s", stage);
     stage = (unsigned char *) Hmalloc (100);
   }
  
 
 /* optind is now index of first non -x arg */
 Debug (("after go: x now %c, optarg %x optind %d", x, optarg, optind))
 /* Debug (("optind up to %d at host-arg %s", optind, argv[optind])) */
 /* gonna only use first addr of host-list, like our IQ was normal; if you wanna
    get fancy with addresses, look up the list yourself and plug 'em in for now.
    unless we finally implement -a, that is. */
   if (argv[optind])
     whereto = gethostpoop (argv[optind], o_nflag);
   if (whereto && whereto->iaddrs)
     themaddr = &whereto->iaddrs[0];
   if (themaddr)
     optind++;				/* skip past valid host lookup */
   errno = 0;
 #ifndef WIN32
   h_errno = 0;
 #endif
 
 /* Handle listen mode here, and exit afterward.  Only does one connect;
    this is arguably the right thing to do.  A "persistent listen-and-fork"
    mode a la inetd has been thought about, but not implemented.  A tiny
    wrapper script can handle such things... */
   if (o_listen) {
     curport = 0;			/* rem port *can* be zero here... */
     if (argv[optind]) {			/* any rem-port-args? */
       curport = getportpoop (argv[optind], 0);
       if (curport == 0)			/* if given, demand correctness */
 	bail ("invalid port %s", argv[optind]);
     } /* if port-arg */
     netfd = dolisten (themaddr, curport, ouraddr, o_lport);
 /* dolisten does its own connect reporting, so we don't holler anything here */
     if (netfd > 0) {
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
 	if (pr00gie)			/* -e given? */
 		doexec (netfd);
 #ifdef WIN32
 	if (!pr00gie)  // doexec does the read/write for win32
 #endif
 
 #endif /* GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE */
     x = readwrite (netfd);		/* it even works with UDP! */
 	if (o_verbose > 1)		/* normally we don't care */
 		holler (wrote_txt, wrote_net, wrote_out);
 	if (cycle == 1)
 		goto recycle;
 	exit (x);				/* "pack out yer trash" */
     } else
       bail ("no connection");
   } /* o_listen */
 
 /* fall thru to outbound connects.  Now we're more picky about args... */
   if (! themaddr)
     bail ("no destination");
   if (argv[optind] == NULL)
     bail ("no port[s] to connect to");
   if (argv[optind + 1])		/* look ahead: any more port args given? */
     Single = 0;				/* multi-mode, case A */
   ourport = o_lport;			/* which can be 0 */
 
 /* everything from here down is treated as as ports and/or ranges thereof, so
    it's all enclosed in this big ol' argv-parsin' loop.  Any randomization is
    done within each given *range*, but in separate chunks per each succeeding
    argument, so we can control the pattern somewhat. */
   while (argv[optind]) {
     hiport = loport = 0;
     cp = strchr (argv[optind], '-');	/* nn-mm range? */
     if (cp) {
       *cp = '\0';
       cp++;
       hiport = getportpoop (cp, 0);
       if (hiport == 0)
 	bail ("invalid port %s", cp);
     } /* if found a dash */
     loport = getportpoop (argv[optind], 0);
     if (loport == 0)
       bail ("invalid port %s", argv[optind]);
     if (hiport > loport) {		/* was it genuinely a range? */
       Single = 0;			/* multi-mode, case B */
       curport = hiport;			/* start high by default */
       if (o_random) {			/* maybe populate the random array */
 	loadports (randports, loport, hiport);
 	curport = nextport (randports);
       }
     } else			/* not a range, including args like "25-25" */
       curport = loport;
 Debug (("Single %d, curport %d", Single, curport))
 
 /* Now start connecting to these things.  curport is already preloaded. */
     while (loport <= curport) {
       if ((! o_lport) && (o_random)) {	/* -p overrides random local-port */
 	ourport = (RAND() & 0xffff);	/* random local-bind -- well above */
 	if (ourport < 8192)		/* resv and any likely listeners??? */
 	  ourport += 8192;		/* xxx: may still conflict; use -s? */
       }
       curport = getportpoop (NULL, curport);
       netfd = doconnect (themaddr, curport, ouraddr, ourport);
 Debug (("netfd %d from port %d to port %d", netfd, ourport, curport))
       if (netfd > 0)
 	if (o_zero && o_udpmode)	/* if UDP scanning... */
 	  netfd = udptest (netfd, themaddr);
       if (netfd > 0) {			/* Yow, are we OPEN YET?! */
 		x = 0;				/* pre-exit status */
 		holler ("%s [%s] %d (%s) open",
 	  	whereto->name, whereto->addrs[0], curport, portpoop->name);
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
 		if (pr00gie)			/* exec is valid for outbound, too */
 	doexec (netfd);
 #endif /* GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE */
 	if (! o_zero)
 #ifdef WIN32 
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE
 	if (!pr00gie)  // doexec does the read/write for win32
 #endif
 #endif
 	  x = readwrite (netfd);	/* go shovel shit */
       } else { /* no netfd... */
 	x = 1;				/* preload exit status for later */
 /* if we're scanning at a "one -v" verbosity level, don't print refusals.
    Give it another -v if you want to see everything. */
 #ifdef WIN32
 	if ((Single || (o_verbose > 1)) || (h_errno != WSAECONNREFUSED))
 #else
 	if ((Single || (o_verbose > 1)) || (errno != ECONNREFUSED))
 #endif
 	  holler ("%s [%s] %d (%s)",
 	    whereto->name, whereto->addrs[0], curport, portpoop->name);
       } /* if netfd */
 #ifdef WIN32
 	  shutdown(netfd, 0x02);  /* Kirby */
       closesocket (netfd);			/* just in case we didn't already */
 #else
       close (netfd);			/* just in case we didn't already */
 #endif
       if (o_interval)
 	sleep (o_interval);		/* if -i, delay between ports too */
       if (o_random)
 	curport = nextport (randports);
       else
 	curport--;			/* just decrement... */
     } /* while curport within current range */
     optind++;
   } /* while remaining port-args -- end of big argv-ports loop*/
 
   errno = 0;
   if (o_verbose > 1)		/* normally we don't care */
     holler ("sent %d, rcvd %d", wrote_net, wrote_out);
 
 #ifdef WIN32
     WSACleanup(); 
 #endif
 
   	if (cycle == 1)
 		goto recycle;
 
   if (Single)
     exit (x);			/* give us status on one connection */
   exit (0);			/* otherwise, we're just done */
   return(0);
 } /* main */
 
 #ifdef HAVE_HELP		/* unless we wanna be *really* cryptic */
 /* helpme :
    the obvious */
 int helpme()
 {
   o_verbose = 1;
   holler ("[v1.12 NT http://eternallybored.org/misc/netcat/]\n\
 connect to somewhere:	nc [-options] hostname port[s] [ports] ... \n\
 listen for inbound:	nc -l -p port [options] [hostname] [port]\n\
 options:");
   holler ("\
 	-d		detach from console, background mode\n");
 
 #ifdef GAPING_SECURITY_HOLE	/* needs to be separate holler() */
   holler ("\
 	-e prog		inbound program to exec [dangerous!!]");
 #endif
   holler ("\
 	-g gateway	source-routing hop point[s], up to 8\n\
 	-G num		source-routing pointer: 4, 8, 12, ...\n\
 	-h		this cruft\n\
 	-i secs		delay interval for lines sent, ports scanned\n\
 	-l		listen mode, for inbound connects\n\
 	-L		listen harder, re-listen on socket close\n\
 	-n		numeric-only IP addresses, no DNS\n\
 	-o file		hex dump of traffic\n\
 	-p port		local port number\n\
 	-r		randomize local and remote ports\n\
 	-s addr		local source address");
 #ifdef TELNET
   holler ("\
 	-t		answer TELNET negotiation");
 #endif
   holler ("\
 	-c		send CRLF instead of just LF\n\
 	-u		UDP mode\n\
 	-v		verbose [use twice to be more verbose]\n\
 	-w secs		timeout for connects and final net reads\n\
 	-z		zero-I/O mode [used for scanning]");
   bail ("port numbers can be individual or ranges: m-n [inclusive]");
   return(0);
 } /* helpme */
 #endif /* HAVE_HELP */
 
 
 
 
 /* None genuine without this seal!  _H*/